We just went through and picked out some of our favorite tickets and passes this morning. Many are rare examples and some relate to other items in our collection.
A journey into a collection of 19th and early 20th century American football memorabilia.
We just went through and picked out some of our favorite tickets and passes this morning. Many are rare examples and some relate to other items in our collection.
We always look for rarities in sports memorabilia, and when available we like to pick up items that belonged to or were used by the athletes themselves. We have been fortunate to find and collect such football items that belonged to Walter Camp, Mrs. Walter Camp, Glen "Pop" Warner, Bill Edwards, William Church, Mel Hein, Morton Prince, Edgar Wrightington, Johnny Poe, Arthur Poe, Benny Friedman, as well as others. We also have important crew related items belonging to Joseph S. Fay, Fred Plaisted.
The pictured trophy is a sports rarity awarded to Montague John Druitt in
1876 for the Winchester College Fives competition. Druitt (1857-1888) was
educated at Winchester College and in his final year there, 1875-1876, was
school fives champion and opening bowler of the cricket team. Later in his
short life he was known as a cricket player of some note. He became, and remains, one of the
leading suspects of being Jack the Ripper. He died in 1888 after
what was thought to be an apparent suicide, although circumstances make it highly likely that
he was murdered, again, probably in connection with the Ripper case.
Two books have been written on Druitt, Ripper Suspect: The Secret Lives of Montague Druitt and Montague Druitt: Portrait of a Contender
. From a sporting perspective, both are very heavy on his time playing cricket.
Significant flaws exist in each theory on who Jack the
Ripper was, including one that claims to have DNA evidence. At the time there was a propensity to blame
certain ethnic groups or religions, or to look at social status or believed
sexual orientation when assessing guilt for crimes. This held true when looking
at the suspects thought to be Jack the Ripper. The police were fully embedded
in this skewed assignment of blame as well.
After roughly 134 years it is unlikely we would ever know for sure who the Ripper's identity is.
This is barely a 'scratching the surface' overview of Druitt. For now let it suffice
that this trophy is a rare and unique part of history with both its sports and significant Ripper
associations.
The trophy is unusual in that all of the engraving, including the school crest is gilt; 6 ¼” in height.
Last page of the alumni letter, showing Poe Field
Benny Friedman endorsed/signed products are exceedingly rare and these wonderful cleats are the only ones we've come across in seventeen years. Quality built shoes in great condition. Athco stands for Athletic Shoe Company of Chicago, Illinois. The owner of these shoes, R. Hass carved his name into the soles. The shoes appear to be size 12/13.
“The day of the armor helmet in football is over”. Headline from the March 23. 1903, Boston Journal
I came across this helmet at the May 2017 Brimfield (Quaker Acres field at daybreak), purchasing it and subsequently selling it to another collector that afternoon ,with a gentleman’s agreement that when he scaled back his extensive antique helmet collection he would sell the helmet back to me. Good to his word, he brought the helmet with him to this year’s May Brimfield and I bought it back.
When the Intercollegiate Football Rules Association met in March of 1903, it decided that the hard leather head piece, as worn during the past few years by many players on the gridiron, must be either modified so to lose its capacity of injuring an opponent or must be altogether eliminated. “It has been believed that many of the injuries received in football were due to the use of heavily protecting armor, particularly the head guards, which had grown so hard and unyielding as to give plenty of cause for this supposition”.
These “helmets made of hard sole leather have been used in mass plays as battering rams to butt down opponents…the committee believes this new rule will abolish that feature from the intercollegiate game and restore it to the old Rugby system of open play.”
The actual rule to be passed was not yet known. John C. Bell (U Penn), a member of the committee was quoted after this meeting as saying “What other changes will follow in the way of modifying football armor of all sort I do not know. No rule on the question has been adopted nor do I trust one will be at this meeting”. The committee was made up of John Bell (U. Penn.), Walter Camp (Yale), J. Burchard Fine (Princeton), Professor L.M. Dennis (Cornell), Paul Dashiell (Lehigh and Annapolis) and Robert Wrenn (Harvard).
It would have been at this time this helmet would have been produced, to satisfy the intent of what the initial suggested rule would address, a modification to prevent contact with sole leather, in this case by incorporating a felt/wool ring on the top of the helmet.
When the rules committee issued the final rule, a few short months later, it read “If head protectors are worn , no sole leather, papier mache, or other hard or unyielding material shall be used in their construction…” .
To conform to this rule, which specified that no sole leather whatsoever could be used in the manufacture of helmets, Spalding could not market this helmet, and came out with the pneumatic helmet (No. 70) as well a less expensive line of helmets they termed “Gray” head harnesses, made of soft leather (No.45) or canvas (No. 55).
This helmet is based on a helmet design that differs slightly from the Spalding No.60 (that was currently Spalding’s top of the line helmet), based on G.L. Pierce’s Head Harness Patent pictured below.
The helmet is embossed with “The Spalding” on both ear flaps, the designation reserved for its top of the line products.
This helmet is an absolute rarity, previously unknown to our hobby, being the only known example.
This post and the post to follow will feature two of the rarest examples of football headgear. It took us close to two decades to locate an example of a rugby football pill-box cap, the subject of this post, and the only other example we know of is in the National Football Museum, Manchester, England, dating from the same years.
This cap is an 1871-1872
Manchester Football Club Member’s Pillbox Rugby Cap. A hooped pillbox style
cap, labelled by the manufacturer thought to be Christys Hat of London or
Carver & Company of Bristol, and "confidently dated" by the club.
In an excellent state of preservation.
This cap was
‘deaccessioned’ from the prestigious Manchester Rugby Football Club collection along
with a number of other early and rare caps and jerseys. Most of the 1870s
and 1880s caps and jerseys from their collection belonged to known players or
were from notable competitions, and have “been in the possession of the
Manchester club for generations”.
“The founders of the
Manchester Football Club (Rugby Football) can justly be described as the
pioneers of the Rugby game, not only in Lancashire but also in the North Of
England”. Its chief founder was Richard Sykes (a onetime Captain of football at
Rugby School) who had been arranging Rugby games back into the 1850s. The MFC was officially founded in 1860.
These caps are
incredibly rare, even in England, and the limited number of those from the
early days of the sport in this country, from the 1870s up through the
early/mid 1880s, imported or manufactured here, appear to be nonexistent at
this point. Outside of museum collections this is the only football
pillbox cap we know of.
As early as 1871, Peck
& Snyder of New York advertised in “The Book of Rules of the Game of Foot
Ball” the importing of Rugby and English Match Balls, Association balls as well
as football pants, shirts, caps and belts.
A scarce and most
important example.
Examples of such
football pillbox caps:
The 1878 Brown football
team (it’s first team), photo in “Evertrue: The History of Brown Football”,
2003, pg 2.
See the Antiquefootball.com
write up on “The Football Cap”, from March 9, 2020.
Harpers Weekly,
Illustration “Football-Collared”, December 1, 1883.
Illustrated England v.
Scotland, 1872, from Sporting Dramatic News, 1875
Also see a cropped section
of a c. 1870 CDV, which I bid on and lost, copied off the internet and pictured
below.
Last weekend I was just over the border in Connecticut and found this Harvard class of 1886 football team photo, presumably taken in 1882. It's a really nice early photo that draws you in. Framed in a much better than average frame, having a birdseye maple central band. The mat has been damaged and pieced together on the right side. Very early Harvard football photos are a passion of ours and are very difficult to come by.
Kimball (Marcus Morton), far right in the middle, went on to play for the University team in 1883 and in 1884, when he was captain. His left arm rests on Adams (George Casper), who played for the University eleven in 1882, 1883 and 1886.
Adams was named as ‘field coach’ for Harvard from 1890 -1892, sharing coaching duties with George Stewart, ’84. Before Harvard, Adams attended and played football at Adams Academy, and was a great grandson of president John Quincy Adams. I have a late 1870s photo of an Adams Academy football team that I believe has Adams in it, however players are unidentified and at present this is just conjecture. I may be able to clear this up with a trip to the Quincy Historical Society which retains many records and photos (including sports photos with identified players) from the Adams Academy, which closed in 1908
The team roster includes Adams, Haughton, Dewey, Hartley, Vogel, Burnett, Woodbury, Clark, Phillips, Kimball, Beck, Austin, Littauer as a substitute, Guild , the manager.
The ’86 Freshman’s teams record in 1882:
‘86 v. Roxbury Latin, won by ‘86
’86 v. Exeter, won by ‘86
’86 v. Andover, won by Andover
’86 v. Yale, Tie game (Dec. 02)
Another source has them playing five games, without listing the individual contests, ending with a record of 3-2-1.
The ’86 freshman challenged Dartmouth to a game, but this was “respectfully declined”.
This is a Pach Bro’s photo. Pach was based in New York City and travelled to college towns somewhat seasonally to take yearbook, class and sports photographs. They were generally the photographer of choice for senior classes at Yale, Harvard and Princeton, but college classes would vote on who they wanted to be their photographer. For example, Pach was chosen by Yale’s class of ’82, while the ’82 Sheffield School at Yale chose Notman as their photographer.
All of these footballs were found together during a home inspection, in the crawlspace of a Hyde Park Chicago home, where they had lay hidden for 70 plus years.
I have nicknamed this collection, somewhat in jest, in the manner used with recently discovered and significant old collections of baseball cards that come to auction. Encapsulated cards are labelled with names like the “Black Swamp Find” or the “Lucky 7 Find”, and so on. We don’t collect baseball or any type of sports cards, so we don’t know if they are just having fun or take this somewhat seriously.
Well, “The Floorboard Hoard” seems appropriate for these balls. And now that it’s in print it is a done deal.
The 1912 team was coached by Amos Alonzo Stagg and they ended their season with a 6 -1 record.
This ball is pictured in “Antique Sports Uniforms and Equipment, 1840 – 1940, Baseball – Football – Basketball, 2008, page 91. It has an embossed Spalding seal on one of its panels and embossed patent number and date by the laces. Ex Dan Hauser collection.
By the mid 1850s the daguerreotype was being displaced by the ambrotype, somewhat cheaper and easier to produce. The ambrotype created the image on glass as opposed to the earlier daguerreotype which used silver coated copper plates. The image is crystal clear. The cheeks are hand tinted.
Autographed letter signed “W.W. Ellis”, Brasenose College, (Oxford), 2 July 1827, written while a student at Oxford University, to George Harris, Rugby (School), and acknowledging receipt of 60 Pounds from the Trustees of Rugby School “for the whole of my exhibition”. This letter is one page, measuring approximately 8 7/8” x 14 ¾”, with integral address leaf and an intact Brasenose College seal with postmark of the same 1827 date.
The term ‘exhibition’ refers to a form of scholarship from the Rugby School to a select number of students to either attend Oxford or Cambridge.
Webb Ellis came up to Brasenose College (Oxford) in 1825 graduating in 1829. Webb Ellis after graduation was then associated with several churches as Chaplain and Rector until becoming Rector of Magdalen Laver in 1855, serving there for fifteen years.
Provenance: Ex-Norris McWhirter (1925 – 2004), by family descent. Norris McWhirter was a British writer, political activist and co-founder with his brother Ross of the Guinness World Records. Previous to this, members of the Harris family who held the clerk position at Rugby School continuously from 1740 – 1949.
The place of Webb Ellis’ grave was unknown until 1959 when Ross McWhirter (three pages of notes that accompanied this letter written by Norris McWhirter, mentioned that his brother Ross (1925 – 1975) was murdered by the IRA) traced his grave to caveau no. 957 in the cemetery of Vieux Chateau in Menton, France.
Webb Ellis is probably the most famous name associated with the history of the sport of Rugby. Additionally, the Rugby World Cup is named for him, the Webb Ellis Cup.
We know of only two other Webb Ellis signed letters – one owned by the Rugby School and the other by the World Rugby Museum. According to Norris McWhirter's notes,there is one known signature of "W.W.Ellis, Rector", in a parish register of Magdalen Laver, Essex.
The controversy - did Webb Ellis invent the game of Rugby? I’m not sure where the actual claim of invention came from; it certainly wasn’t from Webb Ellis himself. This was an unfortunate choice of wording that caused a stir that has become bigger than life. Did Webb Ellis pick up the ball and run with it, against the established rules of the game at the time - most certainly (see also the previous blog entry on Matthew Bloxam). Did others do the same in the years to follow, while it was still against the rules, of course. So, did Webb Ellis invent the game of rugby as a result of this run, the gist of the controversy - of course not. There are very few instances of a sport being ‘invented” by one individual. In fact, the only major sport that I can come up with that is actually attributable to one individual is basketball, “invented” by James Naismith (see blog posting dated October 25, 2019).
The sport of rugby came about as result of an evolutionary process with a good number of feeder streams that eventually coalesced. Webb Ellis’ actions contributed to these changes in an important manner, as did the actions of others at later times. There were the schools, like Rugby, Eton, Charterhouse, Westminster, Harrow and a fair number more that each was playing a game within its own boundaries and with its own rules. Eventually they would settle on one set of rules when the Rugby Union was established in 1871. This is analogous in many ways to the games played by American colleges before the advent of conventions, conferences and associations to try to fix a set of rules so that colleges like Princeton, Harvard and Yale could play one another without having to set ground rules and concessions before each game (see our blog entry dated June 13, 2015 for a more detailed description of this period in American rugby football). In the end, American football adopted the English Rugby game, and as Walter Camp wrote, "it is from the Rugby Union Rules that our American Intercollegiate game was derived". Every book on the history of early American football has a section or chapter that addresses how our game borrowed from the English game of Rugby and specifically mentions the contributions of the Rugby School and William Webb Ellis. Looking in our own library we found this in books written by Walter Camp, A.A.Stagg, D.G, Herring, Parke Davis, Morton Prince and a dozen others.
An extraordinarily rare, historically significant document. This would be considered the centerpiece in the most advanced collections of football and rugby history.
The class of 1880 freshman team played the Yale freshman twice in 1876. The first game, in November, was played in New Haven. The roster was listed as Osborn, Clark, W. Hopper, Jordan (Captain), Winsor, Nickerson, A.W. Hopper, Tebbits, Tiffany, Holden and Davis.
The second meeting with the Yale freshman was in Boston, in December, in front of several hundred spectators.
The Harvard roster for this game was much the same and was listed as rushers: Davis, Tibbits
(Tebbets), Bacon, Holden, W. Hooper, Nickerson; halfbacks Blanchard, E.D. Jordan
(Captain (pictured with the ball)), Grant; backs Winsor, Osborne. Substitutes are listed as Tiffany, Hooper and Clark. Harvard won
the game by a score of 3 goals, 2 touchdowns to Yale’s 0 goals and 0
touchdowns.
The most noteable player in the photo is Robert Bacon, top right, who played on the University football team for three years, 1877,78 and 79 (captain in 1879). He rowed crew in 1880. Bacon was an Assistant Secretary of State for four years followed by a three year stint as Ambassador to France. Bacon had a lucky streak which included “missing the boat”, which happened to have been the Titanic.
Note: In the photo to the right of captain Jordan is John Sever Tebbets. A good number of different sources list him as Tibbits or even Tebbits, which are incorrect. Tebbets did play for the varsity University team in 1879.
Besides being one of the earliest Harvard football photos (we know of only six earlier photos of Harvard football teams, including those from the Harvard - McGill games of 1874 and 1875, and the Harvard - Tufts stereoview from 1875 (see blog post dated December 26, 2019)) , this photo is of great rarity in that it shows players wearing pillbox caps. We've
only seen a handful of football photos with team members wearing pillbox caps. These include the later 1878-79 University of Michigan and the
1878 Brown football teams. In the case
of the Brown team, the caps very well could have been based on the pillbox caps
in the Harvard photo. New to the game in 1878 (apparently no one involved had seen a game), Brown sent Alfred Eddy and George Macom to Harvard to
view practice and pick up on the particulars of the game. Uniforms, a last
minute consideration were made by a local tailor and finished just days before their first and only game of the year.
The original label from the back of the frame. Of particular interest to us is the last line of the label, referencing the framing of "college shingles of all types" (see our blog post dated June 13, 2015, "The H.F.B.C. and the Foundations of Football: Beginnings of a Game: 1873 Membership Shingle"). Beck Hall, referred to on the label was a Harvard residence hall.
Matthew Bloxam was best known as an Antiquarian and
author, and for being the historian of all things Rugby - that being the town,
the school, and the sport. In addition, he was known as a notable architectural
historian (author of "Principles of Gothic
Architecture”), archeologist, genealogist and art collector. Throughout his life
he maintained a close relationship with the Rugby school, having attended from
1813 through 1821 and later bequeathing to Rugby much of his collection,
inclusive of books, art and paintings, ancient weaponry, armor and pottery.
Most notable to us is that Bloxam was the source of the information on William
Webb Ellis. Most often referenced in regard to Webb Ellis are Bloxam's letter to “The Meteor” and extracts
from the book “Rugby: The School and the Neighborhood”, 1889. This book was put
together after his death by the Rev. W.H. Payne Smith from a partial selection of his papers,
articles and recollections, starting with a paper published by Bloxam in 1836.
The book included publications by Bloxam that were published at “various times
and in various ways over a period of fifty years”.
Ellis’ name was made famous for his part in the
evolution of early rugby football and is now the source of several
controversies that have since followed. The plan is to address the controversies in
a separate blog post. I have much to say on the subject, but
do not intend to write a book or lengthy article as many have done - and not
surprisingly have a differing take than some, based on research and common
sense.
From Bloxam’s writings:
“In the latter half-year of 1823, some 57 years ago,
originated though without premeditation, that change in one of the rules, which
more than any other has since distinguished the Rugby School game from the
Association Rules.
A boy of the name of Ellis — William Webb Ellis — a
town boy and a foundationer, who at the age of nine entered the School after
the midsummer holidays in 1816, who in the second half-year of 1823, was, I
believe, a praepostor, whilst playing Bigside at football in that half-year,
caught the ball in his arms. This being so, according to the then rules, he
ought to have retired back as far as he pleased, without parting with the ball,
for the combatants on the opposite side could only advance to the spot where he
had caught the ball, and were unable to rush forward till he had either punted
it or had placed it for some one else to kick, for it was by means of these
placed kicks that most of the goals were in those days kicked, but the moment
the ball touched the ground, the opposite side might rush on. Ellis, for the
first time, disregarded this rule, and on catching the ball, instead of
retiring backwards, rushed forwards with the ball in his hands towards the opposite
goal, with what result as to the game I know not, neither do I know how this
infringement of a well known rule was followed up, or when it became, as it is
now, a standing rule. Mr. Ellis was high up in the School, and as to
scholarship of fair average abilities. He left School in the summer of 1825,
being the second Rugby Exhibitioner of that year, and was entered at Brasenose
College, Oxford. He subsequently took Holy Orders, and at a later period became
incumbent of the church of St. Clement Danes, Strand, London. He died on the
continent some years ago. When at School, though in a high Form, Mr. Ellis was
not what we should call a " swell," at least none of his compeers
considered him as such ; he had, however, no lack of assurance, and was ambitious
of being thought something of. In fact he did an act which if a fag had
ventured to have done, he would probably have received more kicks than
commendations. How oft it is that such small matters lead to great results!”
It is appropriate that the autograph and bookplate of Bloxam (and
Rugby School) are found inside the front cover of a 1677 edition of "THE ANTIQUITIES OF NOTTINGHAMSHIRE”. This volume was
deaccessioned a few years back in a very controversial auction of 300 texts to
raise money for the Rugby bursaries. Reports at the time called the auction a
“flogging”, many objecting to the sale. Included in the auction were books by
Shakespeare, “Comedies, Histories, &
Tragedies” from 1632, a first edition Charles Dickens' “A
Christmas Carol”, a rare copy of “Robinson Crusoe”, a first edition of
“Don Quixote”, a rare first edition of John Milton's “Paradise Lost”, as well
as many “splendid books from the library of Matthew Bloxam". It is an
early and fitting addition to our collection.